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68 articles for “ester”
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Research ArticleOpen accessEvery word in the titleCrystallisation and Melting Behavior of Methyl Esters of Palm OilCheng Sit Foon, Yung Chee Liang, Noor Lida Habi Mat Dian et al.The methyl esters of palm oil, which consists of saturated and unsaturated esters (0.6 to 95.9% unsaturation) of the C12 to C18 fatty acids, solidify at the two temperature ranges, -52 to -45°C and -24 to 21°C, when the esters are cooled. When the esters are heated, they melt at two distinct temperatures, -25 and -33°C and a broad peak … …American Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol. 3, Issue 5 · 31 May 2006 · 7,049 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessEvery word in the titleCombustion, Performance and Emission Characteristics of Diesel Engine with Neem Oil Methyl Ester and its Diesel BlendsL. Prabhu, S. Sathish Kumar, M. Prabhahar, K. RajanBiodiesel, an alternative fuel is derived from the fats of animals and plants. As energy demands increase and fossil fuels are limited, research is directed towards alternative renewable fuels. The main advantages of using this alternative fuel are its renewability, biodegradability and better quality of exhaust gases. It is technically competitive and environmentally friendly alternative to conventional petro-diesel fuel for … …American Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol. 10, Issue 8 · 24 Jul 2013 · 7,259 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessEvery word in the titleSynthesis and Calcium Channel Blocking Activity of 1, 4-Dihydropyridine Derivatives Containing Ester Substitute and Phenyl Carbamoyl GroupBassem Sadek, Khairi Mustafa Salem Fahelelbom, Laurentiu Morusciag, Sigurd ElzProblem statement: Several studies on the synthesis of new nifedipine analogs have been carried out, but the literature reveled that no study on the synthesis and calcium channel blocking activity of the substituted ester with an amide (5-phenylcarbamoyl) moiety has been reported. Approach: Six new derivatives of m-nifedipine have been successfully synthesized by substituting an ester moiety with an amide … …American Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol. 8, Issue 4 · 18 Apr 2011 · 8,247 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessEvery word in the titleEnzymatic Synthesis of Palm Alkyl Ester Using Dialkyl Carbonate as an Alkyl DonorsRoila Awang, Choo Yuen MayProblem statement: Though efficient in terms of reaction yield and time, the chemical approach to synthesizing alkyl ester has drawback such as difficulties in the recovery of glycerol and the need for removal of salt residue. On the other hand, biocatalyst allow for synthesis of specific alkyl esters and easy recovery of glycerol. However, the solvent-free alcoholysis, does not give … …American Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol. 7, Issue 8 · 31 Aug 2010 · 7,235 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessEvery word in the titleNew Mesogenic Schiff Base Esters with Polar Chloro Substituent: Synthesis, Thermotropic Properties and X-Ray Diffraction StudiesSie-Tiong Ha, Lay-Khoon Ong, Yasodha Sivasothy et al.Problem statement: Many studies have been conducted on the Schiff base’s alkyl and alkyloxy possessing terminal halogen substituent. However, the thermotropic properties of Schiff base’s ester (or alkanoyloxy) with chloro terminal group remained unstudied. Approach: Synthesis a series of new Schiff base ester possessing polar chloro group and investigate its mesomorphic properties. The title compounds were prepared via condensation and … …American Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol. 7, Issue 2 · 28 Feb 2010 · 12,956 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the keywordsCocoa-Butter-Equivalent Production from Yarrowia lipolytica by Optimization of Fermentation TechnologyLina Zhao, Bo Li, Dan Xiong et al.In order to obtain the optimal control point for single-cell lipid production with fatty acid profile similar to cocoa butter, this study explored the effects of carbon source, nitrogen source, temperature, sterculic acid methyl ester, cobalt on cell growth and lipid accumulation of Yarrowia lipolytica. Glycerol and ammonium tartrate-yeast extract were chosen as carbon source and nitrogen source for production … …American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vol. 12, Issue 4 · 29 Dec 2016 · 9,285 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the keywordsLIPASE-CATALYZED TRANSESTERIFICATION OF PALM KERNEL OIL WITH DIALKYLCARBONATESTjahjono Herawan, M. Rüsch Gen. KlaasLipase-catalyzed transesterifications-especially in a solvent-free medium-are important for industrial applications because such systems would have an enormous advantage by avoiding the problem of separation, toxicity and flammability of organic solvents. However, the organic solvent-free alcoholysis, especially methanolysis, does not give high conversions. The same problem also occurs when ethyl or methyl acetate are used as acyl acceptors. The main problems … …American Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol. 11, Issue 8 · 6 May 2014 · 6,793 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the keywordsThe Effect of Bio-Fuel Blends and Fuel Injection Pressure on Diesel Engine Emission for Sustainable EnvironmentKandasamy Muralidharan, Palanisamy GovindarajanProblem statement: Diesel engine emits more pollutants to atmosphere causing air pollution. This necessitates the search of a renewable alternate fuel which is environment friendly. The objective of this research was to investigate the environmental aspects of pongamia bio-fuel in a single cylinder diesel engine with the influence of fuel injection pressure. Approach: Bio-fuel was prepared from non-edible Pongamia pinnata … …American Journal of Environmental Sciences, Vol. 7, Issue 4 · 10 Oct 2011 · 7,311 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the keywordsImmobilization of Lipase from Candida rugosa on Chitosan Beads for Transesterification ReactionM. Nasratun, H. A. Said, A. Noraziah, A.N. Abd AllaProblem statement: Further study is recommended to improve the immobilization technique and the immobilized lipase’s performance as catalysis in transesterification reaction. Approach: To investigate the ability of immobilized lipase on chitosan beads to catalyze the transesterification of cooking oil to an ester. The porous bead of chitosan was used for immobilization of lipase from Candida rugosa by physical adsorption. Parameters … …American Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol. 6, Issue 9 · 30 Sep 2009 · 7,605 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the keywordsEssential Role of PKCδ in Apoptosis Induction of Mouse ThymocytesC. Lutz-Nicoladoni, T. Letschka, M. Leitges et al.The family of protein kinases C (PKCs) has been implicated in signal transmission leading to apoptosis induction and/or survival. These effects are cell type and tissue dependent. Numerous studies employing phorbol ester, a pleiotropic PKC activator, strongly implicated PKC in apoptosis induction of thymocytes. However, phorbol esters activate both, the conventional PKCs (PKCα, β, γ) as well as the novel … …American Journal of Immunology, Vol. 1, Issue 1 · 31 Mar 2005 · 7,135 accessesView PDFCite