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191 articles for “Pathway”
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Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractNutrition in Tertiary Education: Biological and Social ApproachesG. A. Fragkiadakis, C. Papandreou, K. GkouskouProblem statement: Human Nutrition, a necessary component of health-education, studies the food-depended growth/maintenance of the human body. To approach what nutritionists will need to apply in the 21st century, we searched the literature for new syllabus-fields. Approach: We detected fields likely to play a significant and innovative role in university teaching of Human Nutrition; then tried a synthesis of biological … …Journal of Social Sciences, Vol. 8, Issue 2 · 18 Feb 2012 · 8,595 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractStructural and Evolutionary Analysis of PARPs in D. discoideumA. Mehadvi Kawal, Hina A. Mir, Chethan Kumar Ramniklal et al.Problem statement: Dictyostelium discoideum, a unicellular eukaryote, exhibits multicellularity upon nutrient starvation, making it a better model for developmental studies and for the study of various signal transduction pathways. The most felicitous point of interest is that many of its genes show high degree of similarity to vertebrate genes. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), a ubiquitous and abundant nuclear protein, has … …American Journal of Infectious Diseases, Vol. 7, Issue 3 · 3 Nov 2011 · 7,855 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractUnique Characteristic Features of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis in Relation to Immune SystemRajni, Laxman S. MeenaProblem statement: Tuberculosis is a leading global mortality factor which has not been effectively controlled, with 1.7 million deaths per year and 8.9 million new cases. Aerobic microbe Mycobacterium Tuberculosis H37Rv (MTB) is the causative agent of tuberculosis. Approach: It is unique among prokaryotes due to its exceptional features contributing to its survival within the hostile environment of macrophages. Results: … …American Journal of Immunology, Vol. 7, Issue 1 · 16 Aug 2011 · 17,216 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractAnti-Metalloproteinase-9 Activities of Selected Indonesian Zingiberaceae Rhizome Extracts in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Human Vascular Endothelial Cells In VitroYantiProblem statement: Atherosclerosis is associated with chronic inflammation triggered by bacterial infection that activates the breakdown of extracellular matrix protein by matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs). Zingiberaceae, a group of tropical food crops grown in Indonesia and other Southeast Asia regions, has been traditionally used for food coloring, seasoning, culinary and medicinal purposes. However, its efficacy as natural vascular protection has not … …American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vol. 7, Issue 1 · 27 May 2011 · 7,874 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractThe Intracerebroventricular Administration of W-7, A Calmodulin Inhibitor, Attenuate the Development of Morphine Tolerance in RatsGholamreza Sepehri, Vahid Sheibani, Afrooz Azarang et al.Problem statement: The present study was performed to determine the effect of Intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of W-7, a specific calmodulin inhibitor, on the analgesic effect and development of tolerance to antinociceptive effect of acute and chronic morphine administration respectively. Approach: This study was carried out on male wistar rats, weighing 200-250 g. For acute experimental protocol, Morphine was injected intraperitonealy … …American Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vol. 5, Issue 2 · 30 Jun 2010 · 7,755 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractGenomic Distance between Thymidylate Synthase and Dihydrofolate Reductase Genes Does Not Correlate With Phylogenetic Evolution in BacteriaVitor Hugo MoreauProblem statement: Dihydrofolate Reductase (DHFR) and Thymidylate Synthase (TS) exist as bifunctional enzymes coded into unique polypeptide chain in protozoans. Bifunctional DHFR-TS is associated with an increase in the enzymatic activity by channeling the substrate between the active sites. In some bacteria, DHFR and TS genes are neighbors in the genome, whereas in others, they are located millions of base … …American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vol. 6, Issue 1 · 31 Mar 2010 · 8,196 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractEffect of Potassium Levels on Antioxidant Enzymes and Malondialdehyde Content under Drought Stress in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)H. Soleimanzadeh, D. Habibi, M.R. Ardakani et al.Problem Statement: Drought stress as a major adverse factor can lower leaf water potential, leading to reduced turgor and some other responses and ultimately lower crop productivity in arid and semi arid zones. Sunflower is one of the main oil seed crops in Iran, where drought stress is the most limiting factor. Drought stress tolerance requires the activation of complex … …American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Vol. 5, Issue 1 · 31 Mar 2010 · 10,785 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractProduction and Roles of Glial Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases-1 in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1-Associated Dementia Neuroinflammation: A ReviewC. Chao, A. GhorpadeProblem statement: Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) and its cognate targets, the Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs), were differentially expressed in human brain samples with or without HIV-1 infection or HIV-1 Encephalitis (HIVE). Approach: A through literature review demonstrated that cell culture models of Central Nervous System (CNS) cell types had been used to illustrate the intricate temporal patterns of TIMP-1/MMP expression, … …American Journal of Infectious Diseases, Vol. 5, Issue 4 · 31 Dec 2009 · 6,957 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractThe Flavonoid, Quercetin, Inhibits HIV-1 Infection in Normal Peripheral Blood Mononuclear CellsMadhavan P.N. Nair, Zainulabedin M. Saiyed, Nimisha H. Gandhi, C. N. RamchandProblem statement: Flavonoids and related polyphenols, have been known to possess cardioprotective, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic and anti-viral activities. Previous studies have shown that flavonoid, quercetin significantly downregulates expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in cultured cells via modulation of NFκB and p38MAPK signaling pathways. In the current study, we hypothesize that quercetin exerts anti-HIV activity by differential modulation of pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokine … …American Journal of Infectious Diseases, Vol. 5, Issue 2 · 30 Jun 2009 · 12,190 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractEffects of Metal Ion Concentrations on Lipid and Gamma Linolenic Acid Production by Cunninghamella sp. 2A1Farhila Muhid, Wan Nazatul Naziah Wan Nawi, Abdul Jalil Abdul Kader et al.The effects of different concentration of MgSO4.7H2O, FeCl3.6H2O, ZnSO4.7H2O, CuSO4.5H2O and MnSO4.5H2O on lipid and GLA production by Cunninghamella sp. 2A1 were studied in submerged culture fermentation. Cultivation was performed in 250 ml conical flask (100ml working volume), at 30°C and 250 rpm agitation for 120h. Mg2+, Fe2+ and Zn2+ have significant effect on lipid accumulation as inclusion of each … …OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences, Vol. 8, Issue 3 · 30 Sep 2008 · 7,442 accessesView PDFCite