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203 results for “formulation”
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Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractDevelopment of a Fully Coupled Approach for Evaluation of Wellbore Stability in Hydrocarbon ReservoirsVera RoccaProblem statement: When a well is drilled in a hydrocarbon reservoir, the original thermodynamic conditions are altered, the natural stresses are redistributed and a stress concentration occurs around the hole. The alteration of the original equilibrium can lead to wellbore damage, sometimes to its complete collapse. Loss of time associated with stability problems is estimated to account for 12-15% of … …American Journal of Environmental Sciences, Vol. 5, Issue 6 · 31 Dec 2009 · 7,564 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractStatistical Models for Hardened Properties of Self-Compacting ConcreteArabi N.S. Al Qadi, Kamal Nasharuddin Bin Mustapha, Hashem Al-Mattarneh, Qahir N.S. AL-KadiProblem statement: For predicting workability and hardened properties of Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) no well known explicit formulation. Approach: Statistical models were carried out to model the influence of key mixture parameter (cement, water to powder ratio, fly ash and super plasticizer) on hardened properties affecting the performance of SCC. Such responses included compressive strength at 3, 7 and 28 days … …American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Vol. 2, Issue 4 · 31 Dec 2009 · 8,148 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractPotential, Implications and Solutions Regarding the Use of Rendered Animal Fats in AquafeedsJesse T. Trushenski, Rebecca T. LochmannProblem statement: In the past, aquafeeds were comprised largely of fish meal and fish oil derived from marine reduction fisheries. In addition to being highly palatable and readily digested by cultured fishes, these feedstuffs were historically inexpensive sources of protein, energy and essential nutrients. However, increasing cost and concerns over safety and sustainability have greatly incentivized the transition from fish … …American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Vol. 4, Issue 4 · 31 Dec 2009 · 14,003 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractIn vitro Growth and Inhibition Studies of Monosodium Urate Monohydrate Crystals by Different Herbal ExtractsBharat B. Parekh, Sonal R. Vasant, Kashmira P. Tank et al.Problem statement: A large number of people in the world have been suffering from gout for centuries. Gout is the term given to a metabolic condition in which the signs and symptoms results from the deposition of crystals of Monosodium Urate Monohydrate (MSUM) in various connective tissues. Approach: It was quite difficult to grow good quality large MSUM crystals because … …American Journal of Infectious Diseases, Vol. 5, Issue 3 · 30 Sep 2009 · 10,218 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractKinetics of Xylanase Fermentation by Recombinant Escherichia coli DH5α in Shake Flask CultureFarliahati Mohd Rusli, Mohd Shamzi Mohamed, Rosfarizan Mohamad et al.Problem statement: Interest in xylanase enzyme application has markedly increased in pulp and paper processing industries. The switch to xylanase-producing recombinant Escherichia coli DH5α pTP510 is seen here as an economic alternative towards higher productivity and easier downstream purification. Modeling of E. coli DH5α growth and enzyme secretion is thus desired for future optimization in fermentation process. Approach: Kinetics of … …American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vol. 5, Issue 3 · 30 Sep 2009 · 8,485 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractEffects of Stripping Frequency on Semen Quality of Endangered Caspian Brown Trout, Salmo trutta caspiusSaeed Hajirezaee, Bagher Mojazi Amiri, Ali Reza MirvaghefiProblem statement: Because of dramatic declines in stocks of endangered Caspian brown trout males, Salmo trutta caspius in Caspian Sea, each male brooder is stripped indispensably more than once during the spawning season in other to artificial insemination in hatchery. The aim of the present study was to assay the changes of indicators of semen quality (sperm motility, sperm production, … …American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Vol. 4, Issue 3 · 30 Sep 2009 · 7,480 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractEffect of Organic Based N Fertilizer on Dry Matter (Zea mays L.), Ammonium and Nitrate Recovery in an Acid Soil of Sarawak, MalaysiaSusilawati Kasim, Osumanu Haruna Ahmed, Nik Muhamad Ab. Majid et al.Problem statement: Exchangeable ammonium (NH4+) could be recovered by humic and fulvic acids from humic substances. The ability of these acids in fixing or retaining NH4+ has been demonstrated in many findings and reports. Both acids could affect the plant growth, nutrients uptake by enhancing photosynthesis rate and root growth among others. Thus, in this study, the effect of both … …American Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol. 6, Issue 7 · 31 Jul 2009 · 8,252 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractThe Effect of Air Entry Values on Hysteresis of Water Retention Curve in Saline SoilS. Konyai, V. Sriboonlue, V. Trelo-GesProblem statement: The saline soil in Northeast Thailand is caused by saline groundwater rise in unsaturated zone to accumulate as salt at soil surface. Approach: This problem had been exacerbated in the last few decades by human activities e.g., deforestation and salt mining. This salinity problem can be solved by capillary rise control of saline groundwater flow. Results: The soil … …American Journal of Environmental Sciences, Vol. 5, Issue 3 · 30 Jun 2009 · 6,943 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractCooperative Sensing in Cognitive Radio Networks-Avoid Non-Perfect Reporting ChannelRania A. Mokhtar, Sabira Khatun, B. M. Ali, A. RamliProblem statement: Cognitive radio is a candidate technology for more efficient spectrum utilization systems based on opportunistic spectrum sharing. However, a common assumption regarding cognitive radios is that they are unlicensed spectrum users that should defer to (avoid interfering with) existing primary sources. Therefore effective sensing of primary users was a major focus of current research. Cooperative spectrum sensing had … …American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Vol. 2, Issue 2 · 30 Jun 2009 · 7,742 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractLinear Regression Model Selection Based on Robust Bootstrapping TechniqueHassan S. Uraibi, Habshah Midi, Bashar A. Talib, Jabar H. YousifProblem statement: Bootstrap approach had introduced new advancement in modeling and model evaluation. It was a computer intensive method that can replace theoretical formulation with extensive use of computer. The Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) method often used to estimate the parameters of the regression models in the bootstrap procedure. Unfortunately, many statistics practitioners are not aware of the fact that … …American Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol. 6, Issue 6 · 30 Jun 2009 · 7,880 accessesView PDFCite