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119 articles for “Neuron”
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Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractHormetic Triggers for Intervention in Aging, Disease and TraumaJoan Smith SonnebornHormesis refers to the ability of a chemical or physical agent to condition the physiological state of an organism to tolerate stress with low doses of otherwise harmful agents. Evolutionary evidence shows that the survival and longevity of species hinge on their optimal ability to resist stress challenge. Hormesis is a potent strategy to stimulate latent repair processes to tolerate … …American Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vol. 3, Issue 1 · 31 Mar 2008 · 7,895 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractEffect of Alloxan-Diabetes on Gastrin-Releasing Peptide (GRP) Immunoreactivity in the Gastrointestinal Tract, of Sprague Dawley Rats and How This May Affect Some of the Diabetic ComplicationsEdward O. Uche-Nwachi, Camille V. MitchellGastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) is the mammalian analogue of bombesin. Both neuroendocrine peptides have similar distribution, functions and immunoreactivity. The immunoreactivity for GRP has been demonstrated in the esophagus, stomach and small intestine. This peptide is reported to have various biological and pharmacological properties, which include the release of gastrointestinal hormones, control of satiety, gastrointestinal motility and stimulation of cellular proliferation … …OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences, Vol. 7, Issue 1 · 31 Dec 2007 · 7,250 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractPharmacophore Pattern Identification of Tachykinin Receptor Selective Peptide Agonists: Implications in Receptor SelectivityAnjali Dike, Indu R. Chandrashekaran, Anil K. Mantha et al.The mammalian tachykinin (TK) peptides and their three Neurokinin (NK1, NK2 and NK3) receptors represent an effector system with wide-ranging actions on neuronal, airway smooth muscle, mucosal, endothelial, immune, inflammatory and remodeling cell function. Recent clinical and preclinical data suggests the pathophysiological role of TKs in various diseases including asthma, emesis and depression. The TK-NK receptor interactions and overlapping functions … …American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vol. 3, Issue 4 · 31 Dec 2007 · 6,691 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractA Biomechanical Composite Model to Determine Effective Elastic Moduli of the CNS Gray MatterMehdi Khoshgoftar, Siamak Najarian, Farhad Farmanzad et al.Brain tissue is a heterogeneous material with complicated microstructural features. Models based on microstructure can lead to more accurate and physically realistic predictions of mechanical characteristics of brain tissue. A two-step Mori-Tanaka/Voigt homogenization procedure is implemented into a 3D microstructurally-based multi-phase composite model, composed of randomly-oriented elastic axons, dendrites and neuronal cell bodies surrounded by an elastic matrix. The effects … …American Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol. 4, Issue 11 · 30 Nov 2007 · 7,775 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractCholesterol Metabolism in Brain and Skin Fibroblasts from Sarda Breed Sheep With Scrapie-resistant and Scrapie-susceptible GenotypesAlessandra Pani, Claudia Abete, Claudia Norfo et al.Scrapie is a fatal spongiform encephalopathy of sheep, a transmissible form of prion disease caused by neuronal accumulation of the aberrantly conformed prion protein (PrPsc). Currently, no ante-mortem diagnostic tests are available to detect this untreatable disease in the pre-clinical stage, thus making difficult to control its spread. Recent evidence suggests that the production of PrPsc can be modulated by … …American Journal of Infectious Diseases, Vol. 3, Issue 3 · 30 Sep 2007 · 7,257 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractThe Pathology of Alzheimer Disease Elicits an In Vivo Immunological ResponseDavid J. Bonda, Kate M. Webber, Sandra L. Siedlak et al.The mechanism(s) responsible for the loss of neurons that characterizes Alzheimer disease is incompletely understood. Nonetheless, there is considerable evidence suggestive of immune abnormalities coupled to alterations in blood-brain barrier permeability that likely play a key role in both the etiology and progression of the disease. To examine these issues further, this study was designed to examine the presence of … …American Journal of Immunology, Vol. 3, Issue 1 · 30 Jun 2007 · 7,115 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractRole of HIV-1 Infection in Addictive Behavior: A Study of a HIV-1 Transgenic Rat ModelSulie L. Chang, Michael VigoritoEpidemiological research indicates that drug abuse is prevalent among individuals infected with HIV-1. Evidence from preclinical research also suggests that drugs of abuse exacerbate the progression of neuropathological changes in the HIV-1 infected brain probably through common mechanisms of neuronal injury. The effects of HIV-1 on the efficacy and abuse potential of controlled drugs such as morphine, however, has not … …American Journal of Infectious Diseases, Vol. 2, Issue 2 · 30 Jun 2006 · 7,630 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractPhysical Basis of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and its Application to Central Nervous System DiseasesNicolás Fayed, Salvador Olmos, Humberto Morales, Pedro J. ModregoMagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy is based on the chemical shift property of the atom nuclei when a magnetic field is applied. This technique offers invaluable information about living tissues with special contribution to the diagnosis and prognosis of the central nervous system diseases. Concentration of several metabolites can be assessed in a reproducible manner by means of modern clinical scanners. N-acetyl-aspartate … …American Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol. 3, Issue 5 · 31 May 2006 · 7,851 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractImmunohistochemical Detection of Apoptosis-Related Proteins in Gerbil Hippocampus Transient Cerebral Ischemia: Neuroprotective Effect of PitavastatinToshiki Himeda, Natsumi Hayakawa, Hiroko Tounai et al.Delayed and selective neuronal damage was caused in the CA1 sector of hippocampus following 5 min of transient cerebral ischemia in gerbils. We investigated the immunohistochemical alterations of apoptosis-related proteins such as bcl-2α, bcl-xs/l, bax, cytochrome c, and active caspase 3 and TUNEL staining in the hippocampus at 1 and 5 hr and 1, 2, 5 and 14 days after … …American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vol. 1, Issue 4 · 31 Dec 2005 · 6,271 accessesView PDFCite