Research ArticleOpen accessIn the author namesA Comparative SCAPS-1D Study of Lead-Free CsSnCl₃-Based Perovskite SCs Employing Different ETLsRony Tota, Shak Mahmudul Hasan, Md. Morsalin et al.Cesium tin chloride (CsSnCl3) has drawn considerable interest as a non-toxic absorber candidate for next-generation photovoltaic devices, offering an attractive combination of affordability, thermal robustness, and competitive conversion performance suitable for clean-energy deployment. In the present work, the photovoltaic behaviour of CsSnCl₃-based SCs was numerically examined using the SCAPS-1D software. Three distinct device stacks were constructed by varying the ETL, … …American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Vol. 19, Issue 1 · 22 May 2026 · 1,737 accessesView PDFCite