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Research ArticleOpen accessIn the author namesThe Impact of Carbon Tax on Agricultural Output, Employment, and Rural Income in Indonesia: Insights from an Energy Input-Output ModelSyahrituah Siregar, Luthfy Fatah, M. Handry Imansyah, SunardiThe agricultural sector in Indonesia is crucial for the national economy, contributing significantly to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and sustaining the livelihoods of millions in rural areas. In light of increasing global environmental concerns, this study examines the potential impacts of a proposed carbon tax on agricultural production, employment, and rural household income in Indonesia. Utilizing the Miyazawa energy input-output … …OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences, Vol. 25, Issue 2 · 12 Jun 2025 · 3,393 accessesView PDFCite