Freshwater Situation in Kuwait-Remote Sensing Inputs on Possibility of Artificial Recharge

Problem statement: Kuwait is an arid country having per capita freshwater consumption of 485 l day^-1. Almost the entire freshwater requirements are met through desalination. The water tariffs in the country are very low consequent to 60% subsidy provided by the government. The use of tertiary treated wastewater is restricted to irrigation and forestation; this leaves huge surplus that can be utilized for creation of shallow artificial aquifers. Approach: Remote sensing data provides information on existence of a paleo drainage network in north Kuwait which can be utilized for artificial recharge. Results: About 85% of treated wastewater which remains unutilized can be pumped into shallow aquifers creating future reserve. The shallow aquifers will also improve the soil moisture balance and shall support perennial vegetation, impeding dust transport. Conclusion: The pumping of tertiary treated wastewater into the paleo drainage network will create a future reserve besides improving the soil moisture index and vegetation cover in the area.