Monitoring of Reproductive Capacity of Dairy Cattle in Eurasia: A Comparative Study in Kazakhstan and the Republic of Tuva

This study investigates the reproductive capacity of dairy cattle populations in the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Republic of Tuva (Russian Federation). Experimental work was conducted at four study sites: in Kazakhstan, Abdrakhmanov Bolat Dauletbekovich SP (Akmola region) and Alimzhanov TS farm (Almaty region); in the Republic of Tuva, Oyun SP of Kyzyl district (forest-steppe population) and SPK Breeding Farm Bai-Dag of Erzin district (dry-steppe population). Results revealed that actual herd reproduction parameters in Kazakhstan deviated from standard indicators: service period exceeded norms by 5-65 days, insemination index ranged 0.8-1.3 doses (standard: 1 dose), and age at first insemination varied by 1-4 months from recommended values. In the Republic of Tuva, service period duration averaged 90.7 days for forest-steppe populations and 97.3 days for dry-steppe populations. Reproductive capacity coefficients for local Tuvan cattle were 0.99 (forest-steppe) and 0.93 (dry-steppe). Gynecological monitoring identified ovarian dysfunction frequencies of 3.5-6.9% (hypofunction) and 2.9-6.7% (follicular cysts). Biochemical blood analyses revealed all parameters within physiological normal ranges, indicating adequate nutritional status. These findings provide baseline reproductive performance data for local dairy cattle breeds in Central Asian environments, informing breeding strategies and herd management practices for indigenous cattle populations adapted to regional climatic conditions.