Antibacterial Activity of Aqueous and Ethanol Extracts of Caesalpinia Sappan L. against Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci Isolated from Subclinical Bovine and Caprine Mastitis

This study aimed to investigate the effect of Caesalpinia sappan L. hearth wood extract against Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci (CNS) causing subclinical mastitis in dairy cows and goats. Seventeen and thirty CNS isolates were isolated from bovine and caprine mastitis samples, respectively. The phytochemicals tests performed on aqueous and ethanol extracts of C. sappan heartwood presented total phenolic (150 and 187 mg GAE/g dw), flavonoids (28 and 21 mg RE/g dw), tannins, alkaloid, saponin, and steroid. The extracts were used to determine the antibacterial effect on CNS using disc diffusion, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) methods. The aqueous extract and ethanol extract of C. sappan contained effective compounds, including phenol, flavonoid, tannin, alkaloid, saponin, and steroid. Ethanol extract of C. sappan had a greater content of phenol, while aqueous extract of C. sappan had a greater content of flavonoid. Ethanol extracts of C. sappan showed the strongest inhibition on the CNS isolated from bovine (14.3-21.0 mm) and caprine (24.3-30.0 mm). The antimicrobial activity of ethanol C. sappan extract showed significantly higher than aqueous extract against bovine CNS (8.0 to 14.7 mm) and caprine CNS (22.3 to 29.0 mm). The C. sappan ethanol extract had the best MIC and MBC of bovine CNS (6.24 mg/mL) and caprine CNS of (1.56 mg/mL). The ethanol extracts of C. sappan showed strong antimicrobial effects against CNS isolated from both bovine and caprine mastitis.