Heritability of Qualitative Traits in Forage Pea (Pisum Sativum L.)

In breeding process of forage pea (Pisum sativum L.) inter variety crosses between two Bulgarian: Pleven 4 (spring form) and Pleven 10 (winter form) and two Russian: Rosacrono (spring form) and Shtambovyi (winter form) varieties are effectuated in field crop experiment during 2011-2013 on the Second experimental field of the IFC, Pleven, Bulgaria. Populations of P₁, P₂, F₂ and F₁ of the crosses Shtambovyi x Pleven 10 and Rosacrono x Pleven 4 are investigated. The aim of this study is to establish the inheritance type of some forage quality parameters as protein, fiber components and digestibility between inter variety hybrids of forage pea. For the hybrids of F1 are estimated changes of heterosis effect. The cross: Shtambovyi x Pleven 10 is characterized with the highest positive real heterosis effect for crude protein content and the cross: Rosacrono x Pleven 4 have the highest rate for crude fiber, Acid-detergent fiber and Acid-detergent lignin. The parameters crude protein and crude fiber for the both crosses are inherited positively over dominantly. Digestibility in vitro dry matter is inherited negatively over dominantly as the qualities of varieties Pleven 10 and Rosacrono are predominated. In the second generation F2 for almost all parameters for Shtambovyi x Pleven 10 a negative depression is estimated. According to the estimated values for the parameter crude protein contents the plants of the two hybrids are depressed most strongly. Because of parameters crude fiber, Neutral-detergent fiber, Acid-detergent fiber and in vitro digestibility of dry matter for the cross Shtambovyi x Pleven 10 a great her percentage of transgressive plants could be anticipated as it counts for crude protein for the cross Rosacrono x Pleven 4. As a result of predominating negative epistatic interaction of cross Shtambovyi x Pleven 10 for crude protein, Neutral-detergent fiber and Acid-detergent lignin a regression of the degree phenotype exhibition of these signs in comparison with the full additive inheritance is anticipated. It is established that there is a high inheritance coefficient in both crosses for the parameters crude protein, crude fiber, Neutral-detergent fiber and in vitro digestibility of dry matter.