Aetiology of Spontaneous Intracerebral Haemorrhage in Young Adults Admitted at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Dhaka

Spontaneous Intracerebral Haemorrhage (SICH) in young adult occurs due to multiple risk factors. The purpose of the present study was to determine the aetiological factors of spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage in the young adult patients. This case control study was carried out in the Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosurgery and Department of Internal Medicine at Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka from September 2010 to August 2011 for a period of one (01) year. Patients aged 15 to 45 years who presented with spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage were taken as case (Group A) and those more than 45 years of age with spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage were taken as control (Group B). All the aetiological factors were recorded in a predesigned data sheet. A total of 430 patients with clinical feature of stroke were admitted through emergency and outpatient department during the study period, of which 152(35.34%) patients had spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria 35 patients were recruited from 15-45 years age range as case and 25 patients were recruited as control. The risk factors of SICH in younger patients were arteriovenous malformation (45.7%), toxaemia of pregnancy (31.4%), hypertension (17.1%), cavernous angioma (2.9%), bleeding disorder (2.9%) and coagulation disorder (2.9%). In patients >45 years most of the ICH was due to HTN (52%) followed by arteriovenous malformation (20%). In conclusion arteriovenous malformation is the most common aetiological factors of young stroke patients followed by hypertension and toxaemia of pregnancy.