Strengthening the Integrity of Forwarding First Communication Using Forward Key Chain and Bloom Filter in the Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are collections of sensor nodes that can help people monitor things wirelessly, replacing the need for human presence in hard-to-reach areas. While forwarding first communication reduces communication delays among the sensor nodes, it lacks a security mechanism. Since sensor nodes have limited resources, using complex security measures can shorten their lifetime. This study proposes a protocol modification for forwarding first communication using a forward keychain and Bloom Filter Vector (BFV). The sender is required to send a BFV in every message exchange. The process of sending the BFV is separated to increase the size of the message payload in each communication. The results show that while the communication overhead and verification time increase to an acceptable level, the message payload is larger and message integrity is guaranteed.