Spatial Analysis of Accessibility for Public Transportation, A Case Study in Jakarta, Bus Rapid Transit System (Transjakarta), Indonesia

Integrating public transportation has become a prevalent aspect of urban expansion in developed and developing countries. There are numerous benefits associated with implementing public transportation systems within urban areas, which may serve as a viable solution to address various traffic-related issues. Nevertheless, certain nations that have adopted public transportation encounter accessibility issues affecting the efficiency of such services. The authors have conducted a case study on the public transportation system of Jakarta, explicitly focusing on the Bus Rapid Transit (BRT)/Transjakarta. The mode above of transportation is widely recognised as a prominent public transit system in Jakarta, frequently utilised by a significant portion of the populace to address. The authors applied spatial analysis techniques to evaluate the accessibility of public transportation in Jakarta. The assessment was conducted using the city concept of 5, 10, and 15 min and relied on open spatial data provided by the Jakarta Government. The results demonstrate that the accessibility evaluates the nearby BRT stations' roads and walkways on a standard scale. It revealed that just 41% of Jakarta's network could be used to access public transit (BRT), while over 58% of BRT stations are inaccessible or have a poor network connection. Furthermore, according to the analysis of accessibility overlaid by district (area/Ha), 33,37 Ha (51%) of Jakarta's total area is described as being inaccessible for BRT services, compared to 24% for the accessible region. At last, the authors conduct a K-means clustering analysis on the districts to identify clusters of accessible and inaccessible districts.