E²AODV Protocol for Load Balancing in Ad-Hoc Networks

Problem statement: In mobile ad hoc networks there are a number of challenges in providing quality of service routing with energy efficiency and load balancing. Most routing protocols do not consider the problem of load balance. A routing protocol called energy Efficient Ad-hoc on Demand Vector (E²AODV) is proposed. It addresses the quality of service issues such as throughput, end to end delay, load distribution and energy. Approach: This study presents a scheme to balance the load with energy efficiency considering both congestion and the nodes energy usage. A threshold value was used to judge if intermediate node was overloaded, variable and changing along with nodes interface queue length around the backward path. Results: The routing protocol called energy Efficient Ad hoc on Demand Vector (E²AODV) that is intended to provide a reliable transmission with low energy consumption was compared with Ad-hoc on Demand Vector (AODV) in terms of the packet delivery ratio, average end to end delay, load distribution and node energy consumption. Conclusion/Recommendation: E²AODV protocol chooses an optimum path with low energy usage. It provides a better scheme to balance the load with energy efficiency and packet delivery ratio. It can be further enhanced as a secure routing protocol for mobile ad-hoc networks.