Energy Aware Multiple Constraints Quality of Service Routing Protocol with Dynamic Mobility Prediction for Mobile Ad hoc Networks

Problem statement: This study presents a source based reactive protocol called "Energy Aware Multiple Constraints QoS Routing Protocol with Dynamic Mobility Prediction (EMQRPDM)" for MANET. It is an enhanced version of our previous protocol called "Power aware multiple QoS constraints routing protocol with mobility prediction (PMQRPMP)". It addresses the issues such as routing, mobility and power management in MANET. Approach: EMQRPDM considers quality of service parameters namely delay, jitter, bandwidth and cost of each link on 'n' available paths and selects a stable optimal path between a source and a destination during path discovery. It checks a bandwidth constraint during route request. It also checks the energy level constraints for each node during route reply. EMQRPDM uses our new mobility prediction mechanism to determine the stability of link expiration time for each link of each path during route reply. It executes path maintenance procedure when the link between two nodes cuts off. It also considers a backup path during link failure. Results: EMQRPDM is compared with PMQRPMP. Even though the mobility speed of mobile nodes is increased to 10 m sec⁻¹, the success rate of data transmission in EMQRPDM is 74% which is still higher than PMQRPMP. During link failure using a backup path, the cost of control overhead in EMQRPDM is 0.272 which is lower than PMQRPMP when the number of mobile nodes is increased from 15-40. Conclusion/Recommendations: EMQRPDM selects an optimal path with good battery backup using energy level constraints. It selects a best stable optimal path using our new mobility prediction mechanism. EMQRPDM gives better Packet Delivery Ratio. It reduces the cost of control overhead using the bandwidth constraint and a backup path. It can be further enhanced as a reliable, secure, hybrid and multicast communication protocol for MANET.