Critical Evaluation of Thermal Efficiency in Aerogel Glazing Systems for Energy-Saving Applications

Aerogels as a thermal superinsulation material possess a unique combination of properties, most notably low densities, and exceptionally low thermal conductivities, stemming from the high-volume fraction of air incorporated within their structure. Aerogel glazing systems have emerged as a promising solution to enhance the thermal performance of building envelopes while maintaining daylighting. With the notable reductions in production cost in recent years, the integration of aerogels has been observed in both new construction and retrofitting projects, signalling a shift towards more energy-efficient building designs. The use of aerogel in glazing systems leverages both monolithic and granular configurations within the glazing interspace, enhancing thermal resistance while preserving high visible transmittance. Silica aerogels are particularly noteworthy due to their transparency, extremely low thermal conductivity (0.010-0.013 W/mK), and low density, making them suitable for thermal insulation in buildings. Incorporating aerogels into composites or framing systems not only reduces the overall weight of the building envelope but also significantly increases thermal resistance, offering valuable solutions for energy-efficient retrofitting, including facade coverings and window panes.