Interaction between Cadmium and Calcium in Human Blood at the Smokers

Problem statement: Defining of correlation between toxic and essential elements in human beings is an important clinical screening procedure. Approach: The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between cadmium as toxic element and calcium as an essential element in the blood at the smokers. We have investigated 50 human blood samples of different ages and genders (age: 35-45 years old), of the citizens from the Municipality of Dragash (an environment without pollution). Results: The results that were achieved in this study showed the significant difference in the average of cadmium concentration in human blood of the smokers group from nonsmokers group (p = <0.0001, t = 8.33). Between cadmium and calcium in the blood of the smokers group exists the positive correlation with high statistical reliability (r = 0.544, p = 0.003) while at no-smokers group does not exist (r = -0.097, p = 0.317). Conclusion/Recommendations: Correlation between Cd²⁺ and Ca²⁺ in the human blood with a high statistical significance in the group of smokers comes as a result of powerful competitive reaction between Cd2+ and Ca2+ in biochemical processes. Competitive reaction between Cd²⁺ and Ca²⁺ in biochemical processes.