Economic Evaluation of Standalone Hybrid PV–H2 with Storage System

This study evaluates the economic performance of a standalone hybrid PV-H2 system with battery storage for small-scale electricity demand. The methodology involves comparing various configurations of standalone PV, storage, and hybrid PV-H2 systems under different discount rates and evaluation periods. Economic indicators such as Net Present Value (NPV), Payback Period, and Discounted Annualized Return (AAR) determine financial viability. Results indicate that the PV-H2 system with two days of storage offers the most favorable economic performance despite not being the best technical solution. Sensitivity analysis further supports the robustness of the proposed model. This study highlights the potential of hybrid PV-H2 systems to provide sustainable and cost-effective energy solutions, especially in remote and off-grid locations.