Turbulent-Fluid-Based Simulation of Dynamic Liquefaction Using Large Deformation Analysis of Solid Phase

To accurately simulate the cyclic liquefaction phenomenon, it is necessary to establish a well-defined coupling between the solid particles and the high-velocity percolating pore fluid. For this purpose, the existing literature extensively examines large deformation liquefaction analyses for the solid phase, regardless of the fluid flow nonlinearity. On the other hand, the transient fluid pressure gradient governed by the turbulence flow has been previously addressed using the infinitesimal strain tensor for the solid phase. However, an integration of these two aspects has not been considered yet. Therefore, the nonlinear terms of not only the strain tensor but also the momentum balance of the fluid should be taken into account simultaneously. This study introduces these critical inherent nonlinearities related to the material softening caused by pore pressure buildup during seismic events as an open area of research.