Study of Energy Types: Fossil, Nuclear and Renewable Energies and their Evaluation in Terms of Environmental Pollution and Economically

Unwise and increasing exploitation of various energy carriers, including oil, gas and coal, has made countries to focus on two major issues, namely running out fossil fuels, as well as environmental pollution. Hence, one of the main priorities of energy policy is to diversification of energy sources, as well as finding a safe, cheap and nonpolluting energy source (devoid of greenhouse gases). Therefore, nuclear energy is important. In this regard, the main purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of energy consumption on the quality of the environment and the introduction of the best economically efficient option for energy production. In this research, we conducted a literature search incorporating keywords of nuclear energy, nuclear fission, fossil fuel, greenhouse effect in Persian and English databases in a structured manner and retrieved the papers and articles dealt with benefits and disadvantages of nuclear energy as well as its environmental impacts and subsequently they analyzed in a descriptive manner. In this study, while studying nuclear energy, fossil fuels and renewable energy, we tried to introduce a suitable replacement of these energies to fossil fuels, taking into account the economic and environmental perspectives resulting from it. Among all types of energy sources, nuclear energy may have the least impact on the environment, including water, soil and air and is a source free from gases. In addition to all of these, this energy is considered as a safe economic option.