Poly(3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene):Poly(4-Styrenesulfonate) Anode for ITO-Free Organic Light-Emitting Diodes

Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (OLEDs) devices using flexible substrates are envisioned for flexible, low-cost and roll-to-roll mass production. However, transparent conductive oxides such as indium tin oxide (ITO) do not fit the requirements of flexible devices, fabricated without vacuum-based technology. Hence, conductive polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) has been proposed as an alternative approach to transparent conductive electrodes. The secondary doping of PEDOT:PSS shows improvement of conductivity to reasonable level and due to lower injection barrier devices with polymer anode exhibit even better performance.