Most Used Rock Mass Classifications for Underground Opening

Problem statement: Rock mass characterization is an integral part of rock engineering practice. The empirical design methods based on rock mass classifications systems provide quick assessments of the support requirements for underground excavations at any stage of a project, even if the available geotechnical data are limited. The underground excavation industry tends to lean on empirical approaches such as rock mass classification methods, which provide a rapid means of assessing rock mass quality and support requirements. Approach: There were several classifications systems used in underground construction design. This study reviewed and summarized the must used classification methods in the mining and tunneling systems. Results: The method of this research was collected of the underground excavations classifications method with its parameters calculations procedures for each one, trying to find the simplest, less costs and more efficient method. Conclusion: The study concluded with reference to errors that may arise in particular conditions and the choice of rock mass classification depend on the sensitivity of the projects, costs and the efficient.