Microbial Diversity as a Biological Control Mechanism for Fruit Tree Diseases: A Comparative Approach

The traditional methods of fruit tree pest control have long relied on chemical pesticides. This not only leads to increased resistance of pests and diseases but also adversely affects the ecological environment and fruit safety. Although biological control has gradually received attention, the current research on how to systematically use microbial diversity to achieve efficient control and prevention is still insufficient. There is a lack of in-depth exploration of its mechanisms and practical application effects. To fill this research gap, this paper proposes a biological control method for fruit tree pests and diseases based on microbial diversity. A bioremediation agent is prepared using actinomycetes from the rhizosphere soil of fruit trees, and its effectiveness is verified through field experiments. The results showed that the incidence rate of pear rust was 9.64% and 12.27% when biological and chemical agents were sprayed on pear trees. The incidence rate of pear trees in natural growth reached 39.51%, and the disease index increased by 18.09% compared with spraying chemicals. Under the action of biological and chemical agents, the incidence rate of pear scab was 8.94% and 11.18%, and the incidence rate of natural growth was 28.42%. In addition, the biological agent also showed good control effects on apple anthracnose and leafroller, with a soluble solids content of 55.08% and a vitamin C content of 63.11 mg/100g in the fruit. The proposed biological control method has a good effect on fruit tree pests and diseases, and can reduce environmental pollution and increase fruit yield compared to chemical agents.