Screening of Bioactive Constituents from the Aerial Parts of Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz. With Antioxidant, Immunoenhancing, and Anticoagulant Potential

The cultivation of Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz (DdT) is expensive and difficulty associated with growing, making its root bark the only commonly used medicinal part, while other parts are discarded. Therefore, in order to improve the limited utilization of resources, the new medicinal parts were screened from polysaccharide-rich aqueous extracts. The samples were the purified polysaccharides from the aerial part on ground of Dictamnus dasycarpus stems and leaves (PDAP) and dry root bark of DdT (PDBP) by hot water extraction and Diethylaminoethyl Cellulose purification. Then, their physicochemical properties and structural characterization were evaluated. The results of physicochemical properties showed that both had great similarity. However, PDAP contained higher uronic acid content. Furthermore, PDAP exhibited higher antioxidant activity than PDBP in scavenging OH radicals (IC50: 4.73±0.03 mg/mL versus 5.29±0.01 mg/mL), ABTS radicals (IC50: 0.23±0.01 mg/mL versus 5.34±0.01 mg/mL) and DPPH radicals (IC50: 2.08±0.02 mg/mL versus 8.52±0.03 mg/mL). Both showed strong enhanced activity, while PDAP was more prominent than PDBP in phagocytosis activity. Meanwhile, PDAP possessed higher pro-coagulant activity than PDBP, as evidenced by shortening the clotting time of PT and APTT, while PDBP appeared to exert pro-coagulant activity through shortening the clotting time of TT and elevating the content of FIB. PDAP's efficacy surpasses that of conventional PDBP, offering a scientific foundation for utilizing the medicinal benefits of DdT's aerial part.