Phenotypic, Reproductive and Genomic Perspectives on the Status and Research Gaps of South African Bosvelder Sheep

The South African Bosvelder sheep is an emerging composite sheep developed from indigenous Bapedi and commercial White Dorper and Van Rooy sheep. Despite its reported adaptability and production potential under bushveld conditions, the sheep remains scientifically under-characterized and is not formally recognized within national breeding frameworks. This narrative review evaluates the current state of knowledge regarding phenotypic, reproductive, and genomic characterization in sheep, with specific emphasis on identifying critical gaps affecting the Bosvelder breed. Literature was sourced from Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases, focusing on peer-reviewed studies published between 2000 and 2025. Evidence indicates that no structured phenotypic, reproductive, or genomic studies have been conducted specifically on Bosvelder sheep. Comparative insights from established South African composite breeds, such as Meatmaster and Dohne Merino, reveal substantial deficiencies in population data, genetic diversity assessment, and performance recording in Bosvelder populations. Key research priorities include the establishment of baseline phenotypic datasets, implementation of breeding soundness evaluation protocols, and application of SNP-based genomic tools for population characterization. Addressing these gaps is essential for breed standardization, regulatory recognition, and integration into national genetic improvement programs.