Recent Advances in Fabrication Techniques of Perovskite Solar Cells: A Review

In this study, thorough review is performed on various reported fabrication techniques of the Perovskite Solar Cell (PSC) and the Hole Transport Materials (HTM) layer, in order to provide a critical insight on the direction for further advancement in related fields as well as a better understanding on the device physics. So far, the best short-circuit current density of 22.9 mA/cm² has been reported in CH₃NH₃PbI_3-xCl_x scaffold by TiCl₄ nanorods treated by NRS  and the best open circuit voltage of 0.763V has been reported in TiO₂/perovskite/spiro-OMeTAD/Au. On the other hand, so far the highest PCE of the PSCs reported in the literature is 19.3%. Interestingly, PSC with 200nm mesoporous TiO₂ has been reported to achieve PCE value of 16.46%. A 5-layer TiO₂/perovskite/spiro-OMeTAD/Au integrated with 40 nm ZnO thin film has been reported to achieve Fill Factor (FF) of 76%. Although promising data has been obtained through numerous researches, there are still many other optimizations yet to be done before mass commercialization of PSC is possible. Optimizing the fabrication process of carrier transport material as well as the incorporation of sensitizer into the device structure are the key aspects that should be focused on in future researches.