Particle Swarm Optimization-Based Routing Protocol for Clustered Heterogeneous Sensor Networks with Mobile Sink

In Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) sensor nodes with sensing, computing and communication infrastructure are randomly deployed and organized as clusters. Most of the existing sensor networks focus on homogeneous in which the cluster heads are changed periodically. To improve the lifetime of energy constraint battery powered WSN and to avoid energy sink-hole problem; Clustered Heterogeneous Sensor Networks (HSN) are analyzed with mobile sink. Our proposed method combines load balanced clustering, transmission power control over normal nodes present in the cluster and mobile sink over HSN. PSO is used to find the optimal path for mobile sink to collect data from cluster heads. The experimental results show that the proposed system has lower energy consumption and improved lifetime over static sink, without load balancing and power control approaches. The optimal path algorithm based on PSO is more robust and easy to reach the solution for real world environmental monitoring and data aggregation problems.