Land Surface Temperature Retrieval by Using ATCOR3_T and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index Methods in Penang Island

Problem statement: Many studies have been devoted to establish the methodology for retrieval of LST from single channel algorithm by utilizing Landsat satellite images. However, this method required many atmospheric parameters to retrieve LST. Thus, it is very difficult to acquire the complete information for atmospheric parameters. Approach: While for ATCOR3_T, this method can be used to retrieve LST without any historical atmospheric parameters like transmittance and mean-atmospheric temperature. In this study, the retrieval of LST value from ATCOR3_T method was compared with the NDVI method, in order to calculate the average percentage of error. Results: The obtained result showed that the LST value retrieved from ATCOR3_T can be used to generate the LST map in equatorial region, such as Penang Island. The average percentage of error for 40 points of LST gives the percentage of 5.13%. Conclusion/Recommendations: Both of these methods can be used to estimate LST value in the study area. In addition, the retrieval of LST value from multi-temporal satellite images is useful to study urban heat island effects in Penang Island for future study.