Comparison of Molecular Markers ISSR, SSR and RFLP to Study the Genetic Variation of Strawberry Cultivars

Strawberry is grown in Indonesia because it has potential high economic value. The purpose of this study was to investigate relationship of phenetic lineage and genetic variations in 12 strawberry cultivars using three different molecular marker methods, including ISSR, SSR and RFLP. Five primers of ISSR markers were used and they generated 53 bands with 44 polymorphic DNA bands. Percentage of polymorphic using ISSR method was 83%. Five primers of SSR markers were used and they gave 41 DNA bands with 36 polymorphic DNA bands. Percentage of polymorphic using SSR method was 87%. Four primers of PCR-RFLP markers and 3 enzymes were used and they had 20 DNA bands with 9 polymorphic DNA bands. Percentage of polymorphic PCR-RFLP method was 45%. Three dendrogram results based on each method indicated that Stroberi Hitam has smallest similarity index compared with other eleven cultivars. 'Californica' cultivar had the closest similarity with Stroberi Hitam. Data analysis of molecular character requires complementary and supporting data of other characters such as morphology, biochemistry and cytology so this will strengthen the lineage data of the organisms to be investigated. Molecular marker can be used as a good method for genetic variation analysis if it has some advantages such as high polymorphism, codominance and specific characteristics and wide distribution.